1)  Kantrowitz LVAD (LVAD Technologies) → Major heart surgery, unsuitable for severe HF. No further development.

      PULVAD → Minor surgery, Suitable for severe HF.

2)  C-Pulse Heart Assist System (Sunshine Heart). Unsuitable for severe HF. The clinical trial application was accompanied by problems which led to the cessation of its further trial implementation and development.

      PULVAD → Suitable for severe HF. Preliminary trial clinical application, demonstrated immediate hemodynamic rehabilitation and clinical improvement of the patient.

3)  i-VAS (NuPulseCV) → Preliminary clinical trial application was accompanied by inability to mobilize patients leading to inhibition / cessation of further development.

      PULVAD → The clinical application is accompanied by excellent performance with the patient in full mobilization.

4)  Symphony CPD System (Abiomed) → Excellent experimental data, inability to function in patients, led to cessation of further development.

      PULVAD → Excellent function and tolerance with full mobilization of the patient.